The Outsiders Critical Review

Is China going to be the following significant city caused the Global warming - Essay Example China’s financial improvement has been unavoidably subject to the utilization of coal for vitality. Vitality utilization and monetary turn of events, and thus ecological issues in China have been interrelated. Coal is the principle wellspring of vitality and consuming of coal prompts discharge of green house gases. This is the thing that has lead to the negative impacts of China’s monetary advancement on an unnatural weather change. China has outperformed USA as the world’s driving producer of green house gases (Landsberg, 2011). All around, there has been a steady increment in the interest for vitality. So is the situation with China. As the number of inhabitants in China has been expanding so is its interest for vitality. Likewise the financial development is fuelled by this expansion in the interest for vitality. Financial development is driven by industrialization and this prompts higher vitality utilization. In china, the industrialization procedure is gener ally youthful and is relied upon to develop. This implies the effectively high vitality power in China will in any case increment. Consequently, as the financial development bend goes upwards so does the vitality request and thusly vitality utilization. As referenced above, China with its gigantic populace expends huge vitality. This colossal vitality utilization is the essential explanation for China’s negative effect on an Earth-wide temperature boost. ... is the emanation green house gases). As indicated by Zhang Zhongxiang, China’s GDP will go somewhere around 2% if there is a decline of 10-20% in the green house gases emanation. Likewise there will be a 1.29% expansion in the outflow of the green house gases when there is a 51% expansion in the per capita salary (Yu, 2008). This sets up the hypothesis that China’s monetary advancement has lead to a tremendous increment in the outflow of green house gases and thus prompting an Earth-wide temperature boost. Vitality request flexibility is a significant factor in dissecting the connection between vitality utilization or request and the monetary turn of events. Vitality request versatility is the proportion of vitality request development to GDP development. From 1978 to 2000, China’s vitality request flexibility was under .5. In any case, from 2001 to 2006 it rose to 1.5. This shows how the fast monetary improvement is related with higher vitality utilization. Anot her significant proof of the connection between China’s financial turn of events and an Earth-wide temperature boost is the way that the green house gas emanations had gone up multiple times in 1989 when contrasted with the 1952 outflows and the 2010 discharges is more than twofold the emanations in 1996. China’s monetary advancement has been facing upward since the changes in 1970. Henceforth, there is an unmistakable association between financial turn of events and a worldwide temperature alteration (gas discharges) (Hackett, 1998). Netherlands Environment Assessment Agency’s 2006 report discovered that China was presently the significant supporter of the worldwide ozone harming substance emanations. It has now overwhelmed USA and is the world’s driving producer of green house gases with an edge of 8%. 2007 saw a 2.6% development in the worldwide emanations and China was liable for

Gas Chromatography - What It Is and How It Works

Gas Chromatography - What It Is and How It Works Gas chromatography (GC) is a diagnostic method used to isolate and investigate tests that can be disintegrated without warm decay. Some of the time gas chromatography is known as gas-fluid segment chromatography (GLPC) or fume stage chromatography (VPC). In fact, GPLC is the most right term, since the partition of segments in this kind of chromatography depends on contrasts in conduct between a streaming portable gas stage and a fixed fluid stage. The instrument that performs gas chromatography is known as a gas chromatograph. The subsequent diagram that shows the information is known as a gas chromatogram. Employments of Gas Chromatography GC is utilized as one test to help distinguish segments of a fluid blend and decide their relative fixation. It might likewise be utilized to isolate and cleanse parts of a blend. Moreover, gas chromatography can be utilized to decide fume pressure, warmth of arrangement, and movement coefficients. Businesses frequently use it to screen procedures to test for sullying or guarantee a procedure is going as arranged. Chromatography can test blood liquor, medicate immaculateness, food virtue, and basic oil quality. GC might be utilized on either natural or inorganic analytes, however the example must be unpredictable. In a perfect world, the parts of an example ought to have diverse breaking points. How Gas Chromatography Works Initial, a fluid example is readied. The example is blended in with a dissolvable and is infused into the gas chromatograph. Ordinarily the example size is little in the microliters go. In spite of the fact that the example begins as a fluid, it is disintegrated into the gas stage. A latent transporter gas is likewise coursing through the chromatograph. This gas shouldnt respond with any segments of the blend. Basic bearer gases incorporate argon, helium, and now and then hydrogen. The example and transporter gas are warmed and enter a long cylinder, which is ordinarily looped to keep the size of the chromatograph sensible. The cylinder might be open (called cylindrical or hairlike) or loaded up with a partitioned idle help material (a stuffed segment). The cylinder is long to take into account a superior partition of segments. Toward the finish of the cylinder is the finder, which records the measure of test hitting it. Now and again, the example might be recuperated toward the fini sh of the section, as well. The signs from the indicator are utilized to deliver a chart, the chromatogram, which shows the measure of test arriving at the finder on the y-hub and for the most part how rapidly it arrived at the locator on the x-pivot (contingent upon what precisely the identifier identifies). The chromatogram shows a progression of pinnacles. The size of the pinnacles is straightforwardly corresponding to the measure of every segment, despite the fact that it cannot be utilized to evaluate the quantity of particles in an example. For the most part, the primary pinnacle is from the latent transporter gas and the following pinnacle is the dissolvable used to make the example. Resulting tops speak to mixes in a blend. So as to recognize the tops on a gas chromatogram, the chart should be thought about a chromatogram from a norm (known) blend, to see where the pinnacles happen. Now, you might be asking why the parts of the blend independent while they are pushed along the cylinder. Within the cylinder is covered with a slender layer of fluid (the fixed stage). Gas or fume in the inside of the cylinder (the fume stage) moves along more rapidly than atoms that communicate with the fluid stage. Intensifies that communicate better with the gas stage will in general have lower breaking points (are unpredictable) and low atomic loads, while exacerbates that favor the fixed stage will in general have higher breaking points or are heavier. Different variables that influence the rate at which a compound advances down the segment (called the elution time) incorporate extremity and the temperature of the segment. Since temperature is so significant, it is normally controlled inside tenths of a degree and is chosen dependent on the breaking point of the blend. Locators Used for Gas Chromatography There are a wide range of sorts of identifiers that can be utilized to deliver a chromatogram. All in all, they might be arranged as non-particular, which implies they react to all mixes aside from the bearer gas, specific, which react to a scope of mixes with regular properties, and explicit, which react just to a specific compound. Various identifiers utilize specific help gases and have various degrees of affectability. Some normal kinds of indicators include: Finder Bolster Gas Selectivity Recognition Level Fire ionization (FID) hydrogen and air most organics 100 pg Warm conductivity (TCD) reference all inclusive 1 ng Electron catch (ECD) make up nitriles, nitrites, halides, organometallics, peroxides, anhydrides 50 fg Photograph ionization (PID) make up aromatics, aliphatics, esters, aldehydes, ketones, amines, heterocyclics, some organometallics 2 pg At the point when the help gas is rung make gas, it implies gas is utilized to limit band widening. For FID, for instance, nitrogen gas (N2) is regularly utilized. The clients manual that goes with a gas chromatograph traces the gases that can be utilized in it and different subtleties. Sources Pavia, Donald L., Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kritz, Randall G. Engel (2006). Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques (fourth Ed.). Thomson Brooks/Cole. pp. 797â€817.Grob, Robert L.; Barry, Eugene F. (2004). Modern Practice of Gas Chromatography (fourth Ed.). John Wiley Sons.Harris, Daniel C. (1999). 24. Gas Chromatography. Quantitative substance analysis (Fifth ed.). W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 675â€712. ISBN 0-7167-2881-8.Higson, S. (2004). Systematic Chemistry. Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-850289-0

Problem of unemployment Free Essays

Joblessness is a major issue in our nation, which prompts destitution. Numerous individuals are anxious to secure Positions Support themselves just as their families however there are insufficient Jobs for everybody. Subsequently the issue of joblessness is seen at each level. We will compose a custom exposition test on Issue of joblessness or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Absence of Job openings has brought sorrow and sadness among our childhood. It has made them to go off to some far away place which makes numerous different issues like chronic drug use, character emergencies, and so forth. Let us initially analyze the reasons for the issue of nemployment before talking about the different available resources of taking care of this issue. There are numerous purposes behind the issue of joblessness in our nation. One of them is the moderate development of our economy, according to increment in the quantity of instructed people. At the point when an economy is developing, there are a lot of Jobs for everybody. Our economy has developed and there has been improvement however insufficient to create adequate number of Jobs. Another factor that has prompted joblessness is the development in populace. Our own is a thickly populated nation the populace ncreasing significantly. Be that as it may, Jobs and beneficial roads can't be produced in the extent. The Jobs are confined in number yet the individuals applying for them are many. Along these lines, a huge area of individuals is left without Job. The development in instruction has come about is bigger number of individuals searching for cubicle Jobs, which are not accessible. Once more, training is regularly not planned for furnishing individuals with professional abilities. So their extension for work stays constrained. Simultaneously, the development of motorization and increasingly refined hardware is mportant for the improvement of industry. Yet, this regularly implies hardly any individuals are required for explicit Jobs. Thus there is greater joblessness. It is the obligation of the legislature to give Jobs to every one of the individuals who can work. It has begun plans like the Jawahar Rozgar YoJana, SwarnaJayanti, Gram Swarozgar YoJna and other in country zones. Advances are additionally given-to energize independent work and little scope businesses. Specialized and professional training ought to be focused. At the point when individuals get specialized nd professional instruction, they won't want after administrations on finishing their training. They will come out decidedly ready to remain on their own legs. They will pick a calling as per their capacity and bent. This will help in tackling the difficult joblessness. J M It is likewise important to check the quick development of our pulation. There must be laid on family arranging in such manner. After populace is controlled, we can without much of a stretch beat improvement of our nation can never be conceivable. Subsequently, it is important to bring mindfulness among the regular mass. The most effective method to refer to Problem of joblessness, Papers

COIT 20246 Assignment Submission ICT Management - 2200 Words

COIT 20246 Assignment Submission: ICT Management (Coursework Sample) Content: COIT 20246 ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSIONDue date: Part: Written Assessment Weighting: 30% of total assessment. Submission: Electronic (see course website for details) InstructionsIt will be necessary to use literature/online resources to complete this assignment, please ensure you cite and reference any such materials using the Harvard format.DO NOT copy content directly from either the text or Internet resources: this assignment is to be in your own words. You will lose marks if you do not use your own words!Please complete your assignment using this submission template file, inserting your responses where indicated.DO NOT delete the marking criteria page changes are permitted to the formatting of other pages including the headers and footers.Please fill in the following details: Student Name Student Number TasksThere are ten (10) tasks, one for each week: the tasks are detailed below. There is a table to complete for each task. Please fill in the information requir ed.Note: Each resource summary should be around 200-300 words.Week 1 The text discusses the elements of modern computing architecture however is largely silent on the individuals who played a role in its development. Find and summarise a resource that describes ONE such individual. The individual should have had a significant influence on the development of computers and/or components of modern computing architecture. Title and Reference:Cabrera, B. 2000. John von Neumann and von Neumann Architecture for Computers (1945): ThoughtCo. Retrieved from http://w3.salemstate.edu/~tevans/VonNeuma.htm Summary: Computers have made significant changes in the world today. Through them, organizations have managed to achieve significant benefits by atomizing their operations and ensuring that they operate in the most appropriate way possible. An important aspect of consideration is the specific individuals that made the availability of the modern computers possible. One example of such an indi vidual is John von Neumann. The article provided by Cabrera explain that John von Neumann is the individual who created the first programmable computer, an aspect that earned him the title, inventor of the modern computer. In the year 1936, John von Neumann managed to create a mechanical calculator known as the Z1, which is considered the first binary computer.His motivation in creating this calculator was to have a device that can be able to calculate certain mathematical problems without the challenge of having to note down results regularly. He continued with his Z prototype and managed to create the first fully functioning computer, Z2 in the year 1939, and in the year 1941 he completed the Z3. A lot of his engineering skills and capabilities were utilized in the process of creating the Z3 product. He for example utilized used film movie tapes to store information, programs and data in the Z3 instead of paper tape. With his discovery, therefore, Neumann played a significant role in the development process of the modern computing architecture. Week 2 The text discusses the components and activities of operating systems however is largely silent on the individuals who played a role in their development. Find and summarise a resource that describes ONEsuch individual. The individual should have had a significant influence on the writing or development of operating systems. Title and Reference:Moody, G. 2015. How Linux was born, as told by Linus Torvalds himself: Technica. Retrieved from https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/08/how-linux-was-born-as-told-by-linus-torvalds-himself/ Summary:Operating systems are currently the programs that are considered very important for any computer. Currently, an individual cannot run a computer that does not have an operating system. This aspect can only be done by a highly skilled computer expert that understands computer coding and architecture. For a long time, people had made significant efforts in devel oping computer operating systems that can be utilized with computers for better operations. Linus Torvalds is one of the individuals that made significant efforts and achievements in developing the operating system. Patrick studied aspects of industrial engineering while he was at Ft. Worth, Texas, after which he joined General Motors organization. It is in this organization that he realized the issue of computer task problem and in the process of solving it, he developed the multi-user operating system that was non-stop. This plan was to be part of the GMRs installation plan of the IBM system. This development became the first operating system to ever be built for computers. The other designs followed the same architecture and managed to develop significantly to the current level of operating systems that the modern ones are currently in. Mr. Robert L. Patrick, therefore, made a lead discovery and invention in the field of computer operating systems and like the article explained, he is a significantly important individual in all the development processes of the operating system. Week 3 The Internet didnt just appear it was an evolution from earlier networks. Find and summarise a resource that describes ONEof the networks that led to the development of the modern Internet. Title and Reference:National science Foundation, (2017). A Brief History of NSF and the Internet: National Science Foundation. Retrieved from /news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=103050 Summary:The internet is currently one of the most common technology, with almost all individuals being able to access and use it for diverse reasons. The process of how the internet was developed is however an issue that many people do not understand. A number of earlier networks were developed further to create the internet. The most influential network that eventually led to this invention is the ARPANET network. The source provided explain that the ARPANET was an initial concept which was shared by Leonard Kleinr ock in the year 1961. During this session, Leonard explained about ARPANET and the means through which it would provide a basis of sharing information. ARPANET was developed to provide a means through which individuals obtains the ability to share information among themselves. The article explains about engineers sharing information though certain platforms like mail and other social media platforms that were in existence then. The main difference between this network and the world wide web is that it was less comprehensive and was not common and open for all individuals to use. It is, however from its design and architecture that the internet was developed. With this regard, therefore, the ARPANET network is the most immediate network that occurred immediately before the development of the internet and it is from its design that the internet was developed. Week 4 Ethernet is an example of a Layer Two (L2) data link protocol that is discussed in the text. Find and summarise a reso urce that describes the features and uses of ONE other L2 protocol that is not discussed in the text (i.e. NOT Ethernet). Title and Reference:Juniper, 2017. Understanding Point-to-Point Protocol: Juniper Networks. Retrieved from http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/PPP Summary:Data link Layer refers to the second layer of the seven layers within the OSI model used in computer networking. This layer has a number of protocols among which include the Ethernet used for local networks, HDLC, ADCCP and the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). The article listed provides information about the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and the means through which it is utilized in networking. The author begins by explaining that through this protocol, multi-protocol data is transmitted between points. The protocol has three main components. The first component is the ability to encapsulate diagrams that are multiprotocol, the second is a link control protocol and the third is a group of certain network control protocols, which are used to establish certain types of network-layer protocols. With this understanding, the author thus explains that this data link protocol manage to transmit information in a significantly efficient way and can be utilized to transmit data for very large distances. Unlike an Ethernet cable the physical connection between the points does not require to have a physical connection and thus it is appropriate for effective transmission of information and images in long distances. Another important feature of the PPP protocol is its ability to be utilized on a large number of physical media. These among others include copper wires, satellite links and other forms of physical connection cables to transmit data effectively. Week 5 The text mentions the role of hackers in attacks on networked infrastructure. Find and summarise a resource that describes ONE famous or well-known hacker. Title and Reference:Greenberg, A. 2014. Kevin Mitnick, Once the Worlds Most Wanted Hacker, Is Now Selling Zero-Day Exploits: Wired. Retrieved from /2014/09/kevin-mitnick-selling-zero-day-exploits/ Summary:The activity of hacking has been in existence since the development of computers. Individuals who are highly skilled in computing are able to breach securities of different forms of computer securities and penetrate their security to obtain unauthorised access to the securities. One of the most famous individual hackers that are currently well known is Kevin Mitnick. At one instance, Kevin Mitnick was the worlds most wanted hacker, after breaching into the securities of Nokia, Motorola and eventually the Pentagon. He was fir...

Analysis of Ray Bradbury´s Farenheit 451 - 689 Words

Before meeting Clarisse, Montag was a strong adherent of the societal function of book burning. He was rather oblivious to the ignorant and critically dull society he lived in. His meeting with Clarisse was the beginning of his Metamorphosis into a critically aware and enlightened individual, one who could see the errors of society in forming a bubble around them. This â€Å"bubble† forming that Clarisse leads Montag away from is a serious issue, and even affects our real modern day world. The first sentence of the book reads â€Å"IT WAS A PLEASURE TO BURN† (1). This sentence highlights the state Montag is in, and in doing so it also reveals the disposition of society in relation to our current time. Montag is painted as a vicious creature, one that uses a â€Å"great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world†, while having a synthetic smile engraved onto his face(1). His smile is a symbol of his society’s mindless pursuit of synthetic happine ss. The simile also serves the reader as a gauge of Montag’s character development. The same thing can also be said of the first sentence in this novel. Thus, when Clarisse asks the question â€Å"Are you happy† Montag’s Smile melts and, in essence, this serves as the start of Montag’s evolution. (4). Montag’s first encounter with Clarisse is described with a heavy amount of imaginary, particularly nature related imaginary. Ray Bradbury says â€Å"The autumn leaves blew over the moonlit pavement... letting the motion of the wind and the leaves

The Cuases, Effects, and Prevention of Homophobia in America

Homophobia is an immense issue in todays society, but especially in America. The completely irrational prejudices against the community of this country is on the rise. This is due to a number of causes of which we as the American people have the ability to change. We must closely exam the causes and the effects of homophobia in America to completely understand why and where this is still occurring in modern day society and how it may be further prevented. Homosexuality has existed as long as humanity itself, and with homosexuality always seems homophobia, or the completely extreme and irrational fear or aversion to homosexuality and homosexual people, is sure to exist. This prejudice against homosexuals has been in one way or another†¦show more content†¦America’s government is tainted with people thinking in this mindset, especially among the republican party. Politicians are openly allowed to â€Å"smear† the gay community with their extremely bigoted comments, and have recently succeeded in allowing others to freely do so also. In the state of Michigan, republicans have managed to pass bill 137, a bill that promotes bullying. One has to think twice to really absorb that the state has actually done such an absurd thing. In this bill it is now okay to freely and openly express ones feelings towards another, harass, bully, what ever it is they want, as long as they can support their claims with a moral or religi ous view. This is of course a horrendous and stupid idea. After the bill was successfully passed, Senate Minority Leader Gretchen Whitmer (D-East Lansing), took to the floor of the Senate to voice her outrage at the amended language and the danger of the exemptions: â€Å"Here today you claim to be protecting kids and you re actually putting them in more danger. But bullying is not OK. We should be protecting public policy that protects kids, all kids, from bullies, all bullies. But instead you have set us back further by creating a blueprint for bullying. Shockingly, Senate Bill 137 will do more harm than good. Senate Republicans left our students behind in favor of partisan politics and passed a

Meat Industry Reforms in Australia

Question: Discuss about theMeat Industry Reforms in Australia. Answer: Introduction The meat and livestock industry in Australia has been identified as one of the largest industries in the country contributing towards trade and employment. In the recent years, the competition of the firms operating in the industry is largely increasing due to the market structure, pricing strategy, and labour relations. In the Australian domestic market as well as export market, the beef industry has created its mark. Meanwhile, the competitive domestic meat industry structure needs quality reforms directed to increase long-term transparency in setting prices (Long, 2016). The study paper has been prepared to investigate the current status of the Australian meat industry. Furthermore, the study of the meat industry will indicate the specific reforms that have been done in the beef industry to maintain transparency. Over the past couple of decade or so, the fundamental structure of the Australian meat industry was modified by the government to make life easier for the suppliers, meat producers, as well as wholesale marketers. The regulatory and governing body of the Australian meat industry has set up significant reform calls so that small and medium abattoirs and meat processing firms will be benefited in a substantial order. In the next section, the overall position of the industry and the reform calls directed towards the industry has been described in detail. In the Australian meat industry, the increasing market share of the supermarkets has created significant pricing issues. As a result of the scenario, pricing reforms have become mandatory to support the small and medium meat producers as well as suppliers. In the competitive market scenario, the beef marketers have demanded Senate Inquiry to set transparency in the beef market as far as price monitoring is concerned (Long, 2016). Currently, the majority of the beef producers are directly selling the cattle to meat producing firms and abattoirs. Hence, pricing transparency will be the key to the survival of the meat producers. Moreover, around twenty percent of the cattle have been settled by saleyards. Therefore, most of the meat producers are demanding to monitor market prices so that accurate rate can be given to the sellers. The Australian meat industry is worth $15.8 billion. As a result of the massive valuation of the industry, export and trade of the Australian beef industry can be identified as one of the leading businesses around the world (Sun, Hyland and Bosch, 2014). In the meat industry reforms, the Australian government has set reform policy to increase the productivity, market services and position of the meat producers. Government policies and funding have largely supported the formulised structure of the Australian meat industry (Troy and Kerry, 2010). The vigilant and robust policies directed towards the meat industry have contributed to the environmental sustainability, responsible meat production, and health-conscious food practices. The pricing policy of red meat products includes significant retail as well as wholesale prices to support the structure of the industry. In the export section, consistent strategic policies have been intervened to promote beef farming (Kidane, 2007). Admittedly, latest technologies have been included in the meat producing and processing industry to increase the productivity as well. In order to establish a monetary balance in the meat industry, the government of Australia needs a price flooring policy that will help to eliminate the issues of price fluctuation in the market (Hunter, 2013). In other words, the government needs to introduce a minimum and maximum level of price that can be charged by each level of businesses in the meat industry to eliminate the issues of unequal price. By considering the report of Long (2016), it can be seen that the different prices charged by the large sellers due to the problems of middleman has created a great buss in the market (Long, 2016). Henc e, the government needs to promote the large supermarkets like Coles and others to support the farmers and buy products directly from them in order to minimise the level of price rise in the industry. Furthermore, the government can introduce technological reforms by providing technical support and easy loans to the small and medium scale farmers. The technological reforms will help to increase the production rate of the small farmers and minimise their production costs (Laufer, 2006). On the other hand, a bulk production can be helpful in controlling the expenses and reducing the high amount of price charged by the meat producers. In order to enable the small and medium scale producers to implement technological changes, the government can collaborate with banks to provide low interest loans (de Frutos and Manzano, 2014). On the other hand, the educational support provided by the large sellers such as supermarkets and meat processing organisations can lead to an economic reform in the industry (Long, 2016). The government can support the initiative of sustainable development of the meat industry by taking the help of the large firms and supporting them to educate the small and me dium scale farmers to develop their production and sell the products at right place in right time. It is important to note that the government of Australia played an essential role during the time of BSE or better known as Mad Cow Disease. During the period of 1990 to 2006, the government provided all sorts of medical supports to the small and medium scale farmers to safeguard their cattle and livestock (Lin, Ma and Chen, 2008). Different reforms were conducted by the Australian government to minimise the import of foreign livestock to keep the Australian production safe. Hence, the Australian Meat Industry Council needs to take care of such issues in order to safeguard the industry from any sort of economic losses (de Frutos and Manzano, 2014). By considering the above analysis, it can be seen that the Australian government has supported the growth of meat industry through different economic reforms. Meanwhile, the government needs to make several new policy changes in order to mitigate the issues of price fluctuation and price discrimination in the industry. Furthermore, the government needs to implement technological reforms in the form of monetary support and educational support to increase the level of production and eliminate the crisis of meat in the market. Additionally, the government can support the small and medium scale producers to directly sell the products to large supermarkets to minimise the influence of middleman. References de Frutos, M. and Manzano, C. (2014). Market transparency, market quality, and sunshine trading.Journal of Financial Markets, 17, pp.174-198. Hunter, R. (2013). Hormonal growth promotant use in the Australian beef industry.Animal Production Science, 50(7), p.637. Kidane, H. (2007). Export Market for Australian Beef Industry.Journal of Food Products Marketing, 14(1), pp.11-36. Laufer, F. (2006). Market Reforms, Continued.Health Affairs, 25(2), pp.567-568. Lin, Y., Ma, T. and Chen, H. (2008). Does Information Content Necessarily Increase with Greater Pre-Trade Transparency?.Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies, 11(04), pp.531-554. Long, W. (2016).Calls to reform beef markets and increase transparency. [online] ABC Rural. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-21/calls-to-reform-beef-markets-and-increase-transparency/7864490 [Accessed Jan. 2017]. Sun, D., Hyland, P. and Bosch, O. (2014). A Systemic View of Innovation Adoption in the Australian Beef Industry.Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 32(6), pp.646-657. Troy, D. and Kerry, J. (2010). Consumer perception and the role of science in the meat industry.Meat Science, 86(1), pp.214-226.